We understood 59 randomised managed products out-of calcium supplements intake that said BMD just like the an outcome

Baseline functions

7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Fifteen studied dietary sources of calcium (n=810 calcium, n=723 controls),16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 and 51 studied calcium supplements (n=6547 calcium, n=5710 controls).7 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 26 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Table 1 ? shows study design and selected baseline characteristics for included studies of dietary calcium. Tables 2 and 3 show the study design and selected baseline characteristics for trials of calcium supplements, without and with additional vitamin D, respectively. ? ? Further details are in tables A-C in appendix 2. Of the 15 randomised controlled trials of dietary sources of calcium, 10 used milk or milk powder, two used dairy products, and three used hydroxyapatite preparations. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, 36 studied calcium monotherapy, 13 co-administered CaD, and two were multi-arm studies of both. Table 4 summarises other features of the trials ? . Most of them studied calcium without vitamin D in women aged <70 living in the community; the mean baseline dietary calcium intake was <800 mg/day; and most trials lasted ?2 years. A calcium dose of >500 mg/day was used in most trials, but a higher proportion of trials of calcium supplements used a dose of ?1000 mg/day. Table C in appendix 2 shows our assessment of risk of bias. Of the 15 trials of dietary sources of calcium, we assessed two as low risk of bias, six as moderate risk, and seven as high risk. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, we assessed 19 as low risk of bias, 12 as moderate risk, and 20 as high risk.

Design of randomised regulated samples and you may chose standard services out-of qualified products out of calcium which also made use of nutritional D supplements

First analyses

Dining table 5 ? summarises the outcomes of your meta-analyses. Expanding calcium intake away from weight-loss provide improved BMD from the 0.6-step one.0% on full hip and you will total looks on 12 months and from the 0.7-step one.8% at the internet sites and the lumbar lower back and you may femoral neck at the 2 years (figs step 1 and you siti incontri single latini may dos ? ? . There is no effect on BMD at the forearm.

Fig step 1 Haphazard outcomes meta-investigation regarding effectation of slimming down types of calcium supplements to the commission changes in bones mineral occurrence (BMD) away from baseline on 12 months

Fig dos Random outcomes meta-studies out-of effect of fat loss types of calcium supplements toward fee changes when you look at the bones mineral occurrence (BMD) off standard within couple of years

Once we restricted the fresh new analyses to the 12 randomised managed examples regarding milk otherwise dairy foods, by excluding three trials out-of hydroxyapatite, there is little change in the outcomes. Calcium supplements increased BMD anyway four skeletal internet sites because of the 0.7-1.4% at one year (figs step 3 and you can 4 ? ? ), from the 0.8-step one.5% at 24 months (figs 5 and six ? ? ), and by 0.8-step 1.8% at more than two and a half age (fig eight ? ) (range of duration of samples is three to five age).